How do I change the hydraulic system filter on a JCB 3CX - 4CX - 214 - 214e - 215 - 217 backhoe loader?

 

! WARNING
Fine jets of hydraulic fluid at high pressure can penetrate
the skin. Do not use your fingers to check for hydraulic
fluid leaks. Do not put your face close to suspected
leaks. Hold a piece of cardboard close to suspected
leaks and then inspect the cardboard for signs of
hydraulic fluid. If hydraulic fluid penetrates your skin, get
medical help immediately.

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1 Position the machine on level ground. Roll the loader
shovel forward and rest it on the ground. Retract the
extending dipper if fitted. Close the backhoe bucket.
Swing in the dipper. Lower the boom until the bucket
rests on the ground. Lower the stabilisers to the
ground. Stop the engine. Remove the starter key.

2 Remove the element assembly
a Remove screws A. Remove the cover plate B and
gasket C
Note: If gasket C is a rubber type it can be reused provided
it is undamaged. If the gasket is a cork type it must be
discarded and a new gasket fitted on assembly.
b Remove spring D.
c Hold handle E and pull the element assembly from
the hydraulic tank.

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3 Remove the element from its canister.
a Hold canister F.
b Hold handle E and rotate the element G 90° anticlockwise.
c Pull on handle E, the element G should separate
from its canister F. Discard the old element.
d Remove and discard seal H.
e Clean the inside of canister F.
New machines are fitted with a 5 micron filter element which
must be replaced at the first 100 hour service with a 10
micron filter element.

4 Fit the new element.
a Fit a new seal H.
b Make sure that seal J is fitted in the new element.
c Push the element G into its canister F and rotate the
element 90° to lock it into position. Check that the
element has locked into position by pulling on
handle E.
d Install the element assembly in the hydraulic tank.
e Fit spring D and gasket C, (see ‘Note’ at step 2).
f Fit cover plate B and tighten screws A to 21 Nm
(15.5 lbf ft).
g Check oil level and replenish as required through
filler. Fit and tighten the filler cap as described on
previous page.

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How to check the oil level and change the oil and filter on a JCB 3CX - 4CX - 214 - 214e - 215 - 217 backhoe loader

Checking the Oil Level 

 

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1

Make sure the park brake is engaged and the

transmission set to neutral. Lower the loader arms and

backhoe to the ground, switch OFF the engine and

remove the starter key. 

 

2

Open the bonnet, see Engine Panels, Opening and

Closing the Bonnet. 

 

3

Switch OFF the engine and remove the starter key, fill

the transmission to maximum mark on dipstick/filler A.

Use only the recommended oil. 

 

4

Start and run the engine slowly for a period not

exceeding five minutes. This allows the oil to fill filter,

pump, torque converter, oil cooler and hoses. 

 

5

Switch OFF the engine and remove the starter key, wait

approximately 20 seconds. Check the oil level and if

required, fill to dipstick level.

 

 

 

Changing the Oil and Filter

The transmission oil should be drained through the suction

strainer aperture to flush out any particles which fall off the

strainer during its removal. 

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! WARNING

Make the machine safe before getting beneath it. Lower

the attachments to the ground; engage the parking

brake; remove the starter key, disconnect the battery.

1

Park the machine on level ground. Engage the parking

brake. Lower the attachments to the ground. Stop the

engine. Remove the starter key. Disconnect the battery. 

 

! CAUTION 

When the strainer is removed, oil will gush out. Keep to

one side when you remove the strainer.

 

2

Place a container, of suitable size beneath the drain

plug. Remove bolts D. Pull out the strainer E and its

gasket F. Allow the oil to drain into the container. 

 

3

Clean the strainer with a suitable solvent. Follow the

solvent manufacturer's instructions on safety. 

 

4

Fit the strainer E and a new gasket F. Apply JCB

Threadlocker and Sealer to bolts D before fitting and

tightening them. Torque tighten the bolts to 10 Nm (7

lbf ft). 

 

5

Unscrew and remove the filter B. Fit the new filter:

5.1 Smear seal C with transmission oil. 

 

5.2 Screw the filter on until it just contacts the filter

head. 

 

5.3 Turn the filter at least another 3/4 of a turn. 

 

 

6

Fill the system with new oil through the dipstick/filler A.

Do not fill past the top mark on the dipstick.

Note: Fit only a genuine supplied JCB filter, otherwise

damage to the system may be incurred through

contamination.

 

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How to check and change the coolant on a JCB 3CX - 4CX - 214 - 214e - 215 - 217 Backhoe Loader

Checking the Coolant
! WARNING
The cooling system is pressurised when the coolant is
hot. Hot coolant will burn you. Make sure the engine is
cool before checking the coolant level or draining the
system.

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1 Make sure the park brake is engaged and the
transmission set to neutral. Lower the loader arms and
backhoe to the ground, switch OFF the engine and
remove the starter key.
2 Open the bonnet, see Engine Panels, Opening and
Closing the Bonnet.
3 The coolant level should be between the COLD/MIN
and the HOT/MAX marks on coolant reservoir B. Fill
with pre-mixed water/antifreeze if necessary.

Changing the Coolant
! WARNING
The cooling system is pressurised when the coolant is
hot. Hot coolant will burn you. Make sure the engine is
cool before checking the coolant level or draining the
system.

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1

Make sure the park brake is engaged and the

transmission set to neutral. Lower the loader arms and

backhoe to the ground, switch OFF the engine and

remove the starter key.

2

Open the bonnet, see Engine Panels, Opening and

Closing the Bonnet.

3

Carefully loosen cap A. Let any pressure escape.

Remove the cap.

! CAUTION

Keep your face away from the drain hole when removing

the drain plug.

4

Remove drain plug C and let the coolant drain out.

Make sure the drain hole is not blocked.

5

Disconnect the radiator hose at D and allow the coolant

to drain. Flush the system using clean water.

6

Clean and refit plug C. Make sure it is secure.

Reconnect the radiator hose

7

Use the necessary mix of clean, soft water and

antifreeze, see Coolant Mixtures. Fill to the COLD/MIN

level on coolant reservoir B.

8

Start the engine and run at idle to circulate the coolant,

top up with coolant as necessary.

9

Refit the filler cap. Make sure it is tight.

10

Run the engine for a while, to raise the coolant to

working temperature and pressure. Stop the engine.

Check for leaks.

Note: Make sure the cab heater control is in the hot

position. This will ensure the coolant mixture circulates

through the entire cooling system.

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How to Changing the Oil and Filter for Jcb 3cx 4cx 214e 214 215 217 Backhoe Loader

 1 Drain the oil when the engine is warm as contaminants
held in suspension will then be drained with the oil.
Park the machine on firm ground.

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! WARNING
Make the machine safe before getting beneath it. Lower
the attachments to the ground; engage the parking

2 Make sure the park brake is engaged and the
transmission set to neutral. Lower the loader arms and
backhoe to the ground, switch OFF the engine and
remove the starter key.
3 Open the bonnet, see Engine Panels, Opening and
Closing the Bonnet.
4 Drain the oil:

! CAUTION
Oil will gush from the hole when the drain plug is
removed. Hot oil and engine components can burn you.
Keep to one side when you remove the plug.

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a Place a container of suitable size beneath the drain
plug.
b Remove drain plug C and its 'O' ring. Let the oil
drain out, then clean and refit the drain plug with a
new 'O' ring. Tighten to 34 Nm (25 lbf ft).

5 Change the filter:
a Unscrew the filter canister D. Remember that it will
be full of oil.
b Check that adapter G is secure.
c Clean the filter head F.
d Add clean engine lubricating oil to the new filter
canister. Allow enough time for the oil to pass
through the filter element.
e Smear the seal E on the new filter with oil. Screw in
the new filter canister - hand tight only.

6 Fill the engine to the max mark on the dipstick with new
oil through the filler. See Service Capacities and
Lubricants for recommended oil grades. Wipe off any
spilt oil. Check for leaks. Make sure the filler cap is
correctly refitted.
7 Make sure the engine will not start and turn the starter
switch to operate the starter motor until the oil pressure
light is extinguished. (To make sure the engine will not
start, remove the engine shut-off solenoid fuse, housed
in the fuse box).
8 Insert the engine shut-off solenoid fuse and operate the
engine. Check for leaks. When the engine has cooled,
check the oil level.

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How to adjust the JCB loader valve adjustment

 This article explains how to adjust the valve adjustment on a JCB loader

 

Note: If a new regulator valve is fitted, or a valve stripped, 

 

cleaned and rebuilt, then the pressure spool should be 

 

backed off to a low pressure. This will prevent inadvertent 

 

damage to the pump.

 

Flow Regulator Spool 

 

The pressure in the pump out line (pressure test connector 

 

B) should be 20 bar (290 lbf/in2) greater than the pressure in 

 

the load sense line (pressure test connector A). If not adjust 

 

 

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the regulator flow spool as described below: 

 

1

Lower the backhoe bucket and loader shovel to rest on

the ground; stop the engine; operate the control levers

to vent residual hydraulic pressure. 

 

2

Gain access to the regulator valve assembly (mounted

on the pump). 

 

3

Remove cap C and loosen locknut D. 

 

4

Turn adjusting screw E clockwise to increase pressure

setting and anti-clockwise to decrease setting. 

 

5

Repeat pressure test as detailed previously and

establish valve is set correctly. 

 

6

Tighten locknut, refit cap

 

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